In the latter case the veterinary surgeon in charge should be performing the catheterisation because of the potential for trauma and the risk of urethral perforation. They are useful for a single catheterisation to obtain a urine sample, or perhaps for difficult catheterisation with an obstruction. Polypropylene urinary catheters are very stiff and not designed for long-term use. This increases the comfort for the patient and is less likely to cause nosocomial infection as a result suturing. This prevents the catheter from coming out of the bladder without the use of sutures. Foley catheters are considered to be more comfortable than other catheter types (in human medicine there is a widely held belief they are less traumatic than other types), and they have a balloon on the end that dwells inside the bladder, which can be filled with sterile saline. There are a variety of other catheter types also available. These types of catheters are more difficult to secure for long-term use than a Foley catheter ( Figure 1), requiring suturing. Most of these catheter lengths are 25–40 cm, all of which work for females patients. Generally a large female may accommodate a 12 French (larger French catheters are generally easier to place in females than small ones). They vary in size from 3.5 French (Fr) on up to 16 French and above. Most veterinary hospitals have red rubber catheters in stock and these can easily be used for urinary catheterisation of female dogs. There are many catheter types in all lengths and sizes. In order to gain proficiency in the techniques of placing female urinary catheters, some nurses find it useful to practice on recently deceased patients (if this is not against the hospital policy of your employer). The goal of this article is to allay some of the fear associated with placing a catheter in the female canine, and to describe a manual technique for female urinary catheterisation.
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